Benthamův a Hookerův systém

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[[Seznam systémů taxonomie rostlin|Taxonomický systém]], který vytvořil [[George Bentham]] a Joseph Dalton Hooker je z historického hlediska jedním z nejdůležitějších taxonomických systémů 19. století. Tento systém byl vydán dříve, než byla pevně stanovena pravidla v [[mezinárodní kód botanické nomenklatury|mezinárodním kódu botanické nomenklatury]], jsou v tomto systému oproti dnešním zvyklostem některé odlišnosti. Výraz "ordo" není dnešní řád, ale čeleď, dnešní řád je označen v díle 1 a 2 výrazem "cohors", v díle 3 výrazem "series", zatímco výraz "series" v prvních 2 dílech znamená něco jako nadřád. Pojetí čeledí je také často odlišné od dnešního pojetí. Systém byl uveřejněn zde: *: {{Citace monografie | příjmení = Bentham | jméno = George | odkaz na autora = George Bentham | příjmení2 = Hooker | jméno2 = Joseph Dalton | autor2 = | odkaz na autora2 = Joseph Dalton Hooker | titul = Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita | vydavatel = | místo = | rok = 1862–1883, Volume 1-3 | isbn = | kapitola = | strany = | jazyk = | url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ }} == Systém == * '''DICOTYLEDONES''' *: '''POLYPETALÆ''' *:: Series 1. T<small>HALAMIFLORÆ</small> *:: Series 2. D<small>ISCIFLORÆ</small> *:: Series 3. C<small>ALYCIFLORÆ</small> *: '''GAMOPETALÆ''' *:: Series 1. I<small>NFERÆ</small> *:: Series 2. H<small>ETEROMERÆ</small> *:: Series 3. B<small>ICARPELLATÆ</small> *: '''MONOCHLAMYDEÆ''' * '''GYMNOSPERMEÆ''' * '''MONOCOTYLEDONES''' == Familles et ordres dans la classification Bentham & Hooker == Cette classification paraît avant la publication du ''[[Code international de nomenclature botanique]]''. Ici, "ordo" indique une famille ; "cohors" (dans les deux premiers volumes) indique un ordre, mais c'est "series" (dans le troisième volume) qu'indique "ordre". La terminaision des noms de famille ne correspond pas à l'usage actuel. * '''[[Dicotyledones|DICOTYLEDONES]]''' *: '''[[Polypetalae|POLYPETALÆ]]''' *: S<small>ERIES</small> I [[Thalamiflorae|T<small>HALAMIFLORÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> I. R<small>ANALES</small> *::: I. [[Ranunculaceae|R<small>ANUNCULACEÆ</small>]] *::: II. [[Dilleniaceae|D<small>ILLENIACEÆ</small>]] *::: III. [[Calycanthaceae|C<small>ALYCANTHACEÆ</small>]] *::: IV. [[Magnoliaceae|M<small>AGNOLIACEÆ</small>]] *::: V. [[Annonaceae|A<small>NONACEÆ</small>]] [sic] *::: VI. [[Menispermaceae|M<small>ENISPERMACEÆ</small>]] *::: VII. [[Berberidaceae|B<small>ERBERIDEÆ</small>]] *::: VIII. [[Nymphaeaceae|N<small>YMPHÆACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> II. P<small>ARIETALES</small> *::: IX. [[Sarraceniaceae|S<small>ARRACENIACEÆ</small>]] *::: X. [[Papaveraceae|P<small>APAVERACEÆ</small>]] *::: XI. [[Cruciferae|C<small>RUCIFERÆ</small>]] *::: XII. [[Capparaceae|C<small>APPARIDEÆ</small>]] *::: XIII. [[Resedaceae|R<small>ESEDACEÆ</small>]] *::: XIV. [[Cistaceae|C<small>ISTINEÆ</small>]] *::: XV. [[Violaceae|V<small>IOLARIEÆ</small>]] *::: XVI. [[Canellaceae|C<small>ANELLACEÆ</small>]] *::: XVII. [[Bixaceae|B<small>IXINEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> III. [[Polygalales|P<small>OLYGALINÆ</small>]] *::: XVIII. [[Pittosporaceae|P<small>ITTOSPOREÆ</small>]] *::: XIX. [[Tremandraceae| T<small>REMANDREÆ</small>]] *::: XX. [[Polygalaceae|P<small>OLYGALÆ</small>]] *::: XXa. [[Vochysiaceae|V<small>OCHYSIACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> IV. [[Caryophyllales|C<small>ARYOPHYLLINÆ</small>]] *::: XXI. [[Frankeniaceae|F<small>RANKENIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXII. [[Caryophyllaceae|C<small>ARYOPHYLLEÆ</small>]] *::: XXIII. [[Portulacaceae|P<small>ORTULACEÆ</small>]] *::: XIV. [[Tamaricaceae|T<small>AMARISCINEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> V. G<small>UTTIFERALES</small> *::: XXV. [[Elatinaceae|E<small>LATINEÆ</small>]] *::: XXVI. [[Hypericaceae|H<small>YPERICINEÆ</small>]] *::: XXVII. [[Guttiferae|G<small>UTTIFERÆ</small>]] *::: XXVIII. [[Ternstroemiaceae|T<small>ERNSTROEMIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXIX. [[Dipterocarpaceae|D<small>IPTEROCARPEÆ</small>]] *::: XXX. [[Chlenaceae|C<small>HLENACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VI. [[Malvales|M<small>ALVALES</small>]] *::: XXXI. [[Malvaceae|M<small>ALVACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXII. [[Sterculiaceae|S<small>TERCULIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXIII. [[Tiliaceae|T<small>ILIACEÆ</small>]] *: S<small>ERIES</small> II. D<small>ISCIFLORÆ</small> *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VII. [[Geraniales|G<small>ERANIALES</small>]] *::: XXXIV [[Linaceae|L<small>INEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXV. [[Humiriaceae|H<small>UMIRIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXVI. [[Malpighiaceae|M<small>ALPIGHIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXVII. [[Zygophyllaceae|Z<small>YGOPHYLLEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXVIII. [[Geraniaceae|G<small>ERANIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XXXIX. [[Rutaceae|R<small>UTACEÆ</small>]] *::: XL. [[Simaroubaceae|S<small>IMARUBEÆ</small>]] [sic] *::: XLI. [[Ochnaceae|O<small>CHNACEÆ</small>]] *::: XLII. [[Burseraceae|B<small>URSERACEÆ</small>]] *::: XLIII. [[Meliaceae|M<small>ELIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XLIV. [[Chailletiaceae|C<small>HAILLETIACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VIII. O<small>LACALES</small> *::: XLV. [[Olacaceae|O<small>LACINEÆ</small>]] *::: XLVI. [[Aquifoliaceae|I<small>LICINEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> IX. [[Celastrales|C<small>ELASTRALES</small>]] *::: XLVII. [[Celastraceae|C<small>ELASTRINEÆ</small>]] *::: XLVIII. [[Stackhousiaceae|S<small>TACKHOUSIEÆ</small>]] *::: XLIX. [[Rhamnaceae|R<small>HAMNEÆ</small>]] *::: L. [[Vitaceae|A<small>MPELIDEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> X. [[Sapindales|S<small>APINDALES</small>]] *::: LI. [[Sapindaceae|S<small>APINDACEÆ</small>]] *::: LII. [[Sabiaceae|S<small>ABIACEÆ</small>]] *::: LIII. [[Anacardiaceae|A<small>NACARDIACEÆ</small>]] *:: Incertae sedis *::: LIV. [[Coriariaceae|C<small>ORIARIÆ</small>]] *::: LV. [[Moringaceae|M<small>ORINGEÆ</small>]] *: S<small>ERIES</small> III. [[Calyciflorae|C<small>ALYCIFLORÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> XI. [[Rosales|R<small>OSALES</small>]] *::: LVI. [[Connaraceae|C<small>ONNARACEÆ</small>]] *::: LVII. [[Leguminosae|L<small>EGUMINOSÆ</small>]] *::: LVIII. [[Rosaceae|R<small>OSACEÆ</small>]] *::: LIX. [[Saxifragaceae|S<small>AXIFRAGEÆ</small>]] *::: LX. [[Crassulaceae|C<small>RASSULACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXI. [[Droseraceae|D<small>ROSERACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXII. [[Hamamelidaceae|H<small>AMAMELIDEÆ</small>]] *::: LXIII. [[Bruniaceae|B<small>RUNIACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXIV. [[Haloragaceae|H<small>ALORAGEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> XII. [[Myrtales|M<small>YRTALES</small>]] *::: LXV. [[Rhizophoraceae|R<small>HIZOPHOREÆ</small>]] *::: LXVI. [[Combretaceae|C<small>OMBRETACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXVII. [[Myrtaceae|M<small>YRTACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXVIII. [[Melastomataceae|M<small>ELASTOMACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXIX. [[Lythraceae|L<small>YTHRARIEÆ</small>]] *::: LXX. [[Onagraceae|O<small>NAGRARIEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> XIII. P<small>ASSIFLORALES</small> *::: LXXI. [[Samydaceae|S<small>AMYDACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXII. [[Loasaceae|L<small>OASEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXIII. [[Turneraceae|T<small>URNERACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXIV. [[Passifloraceae|P<small>ASSIFLOREÆ</small>]] *::: LXXV. [[Cucurbitaceae|C<small>UCURBITACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXVI. [[Begoniaceae|B<small>EGONIACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXVII. [[Datiscaceae|D<small>ATISCEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> XIV. F<small>ICOIDALES</small> *::: LXXVIII. [[Cactaceae|C<small>ACTEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXIX. [[Aizoaceae|F<small>ICIOIDEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> XV. U<small>MBELLALES</small> *::: LXXX. [[Umbelliferae|U<small>MBELLIFERÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXI. [[Araliaceae|A<small>RALIACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXII. [[Cornaceae|C<small>ORNACEÆ</small>]] *: '''[[Gamopetalae|GAMOPETALÆ]]''' *: S<small>ERIES</small> I. I<small>NFERÆ</small> *:: C<small>OHORS</small> I. [[Rubiales|R<small>UBIALES</small>]] *::: LXXXIII. [[Caprifoliaceae|C<small>APRIFOLIACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXIV. [[Rubiaceae|R<small>UBIACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> II. [[Asterales|A<small>STERALES</small>]] *::: LXXXV. [[Valerianaceae|V<small>ALERIANEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXVI. [[Dipsacaceae|D<small>IPSACEÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXVII. [[Calyceraceae|C<small>ALYCEREÆ</small>]] *::: LXXXVIII. [[Compositae|C<small>OMPOSITÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> III. [[Campanulales|C<small>AMPANALES</small>]] *::: LXXXIX. [[Stylidiaceae|S<small>TYLIDIEÆ</small>]] *::: LC. [[Goodeniaceae|G<small>OODENOVIEÆ</small>]] *::: XCI. [[Campanulaceae|C<small>AMPANULACEÆ</small>]] *: S<small>ERIES</small> II. H<small>ETEROMERÆ</small> *:: C<small>OHORS</small> IV. [[Ericales|E<small>RICALES</small>]] *::: XCII. [[Vacciniaceae|V<small>ACCINIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XCIII. [[Ericaceae|E<small>RICACEÆ</small>]] *::: XCIV. [[Monotropaceae|M<small>ONOTROPEÆ</small>]] *::: XCV. [[Epacridaceae|E<small>PACRIDEÆ</small>]] *::: XCVI. [[Diapensiaceae|D<small>IAPENSIACEÆ</small>]] *::: XCVII. [[Lennoaceae|L<small>ENNOACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> V. [[Primulales|P<small>RIMULALES</small>]] *::: XCVIII. [[Plumbaginaceae|P<small>LUMBAGINEÆ</small>]] *::: XCIX. [[Primulaceae|P<small>RIMULACEÆ</small>]] *::: C. [[Myrsinaceae|M<small>YRSINEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VI. [[Ebenales|E<small>BENALES</small>]] *::: CI. [[Sapotaceae|S<small>APOTACEÆ</small>]] *::: CII. [[Ebenaceae|E<small>BENACEÆ</small>]] *::: CIII. [[Styracaceae|S<small>TYRACEÆ</small>]] *: S<small>ERIES</small> III. B<small>ICARPELLATÆ</small> *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VII. [[Gentianales|G<small>ENTIANALES</small>]] *::: CIV. [[Oleaceae|O<small>LEACEÆ</small>]] *::: CV. [[Salvadoraceae|S<small>ALVADORACEÆ</small>]] *::: CVI. [[Apocynaceae|A<small>POCYNACEÆ</small>]] *::: CVII. [[Asclepiadaceae|A<small>SCLEPIADEÆ</small>]] *::: CVIII. [[Loganiaceae|L<small>OGANIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CIX. [[Gentianaceae|G<small>ENTIANEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> VIII. [[Polemoniales|P<small>OLEMONIALES</small>]] *::: CX. [[Polemoniaceae|P<small>OLEMONIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXI. [[Hydrophyllaceae|H<small>YDROPHYLLACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXII. [[Boraginaceae|B<small>ORAGINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXIII. [[Convolvulaceae|C<small>ONVOLVULACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXIV. [[Solanaceae|S<small>OLANACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> IX. P<small>ERSONALES</small> *::: CXV. [[Scrophulariaceae|S<small>CROPHULARINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXVI. [[Orobanchaceae|O<small>ROBANCHACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXVII. [[Lentibulariaceae|L<small>ENTIBULARIEÆ</small>]] *::: CXVIII. [[Columelliaceae|C<small>OLUMELLIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXIX. [[Gesneriaceae|G<small>ESNERACEÆ</small>]] [sic] *::: CXX. [[Bignoniaceae|B<small>IGNONIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXI. [[Pedaliaceae|P<small>EDALINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXII. [[Acanthaceae|A<small>CANTHACEÆ</small>]] *:: C<small>OHORS</small> X. [[Lamiales|L<small>AMIALES</small>]] *::: CXXIII. [[Myoporaceae|M<small>YOPORINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXIV. [[Selaginaceae|S<small>ELAGINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXV. [[Verbenaceae|V<small>ERBENACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXVI. [[Labiatae|L<small>ABIATÆ</small>]] *:: incertae sedis *::: CXXVII. [[Plantaginaceae|P<small>LANTAGINEÆ</small>]] *: '''[[Monochlamydeae|MONOCHLAMYDEÆ]]''' *:: '''Series I. Curvembryeæ''' *::: CXXVIII. [[Nyctaginaceae|N<small>YCTAGINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXIX. [[Illecebraceae|I<small>LLECEBRACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXX. [[Amaranthaceae|A<small>MARANTACEÆ</small>]] [sic] *::: CXXXI. [[Chenopodiaceae|C<small>HENOPODIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXXII. [[Phytolaccaceae|P<small>HYTOLACCACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXXIII. [[Bataceae|B<small>ATIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXXIV. [[Polygonaceae|P<small>OLYGONACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ''' *::: CXXXV. [[Podostemonaceae|P<small>ODOSTEMONACEÆ</small>]] [sic] *:: '''Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres''' *::: CXXXVI. [[Nepenthaceae|N<small>EPENTHACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXXVII. [[Cytinaceae|C<small>YTINACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXXXVIII. [[Aristolochiaceae|A<small>RISTOLOCHIACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series IV. Micrembryeæ''' *::: CXXXIX. [[Piperaceae|P<small>IPERACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXL. [[Chloranthaceae|C<small>HLORANTACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLI. [[Myristicaceae|M<small>YRISTICEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLII. [[Monimiaceae|M<small>ONIMIACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series V. Daphnales''' *::: CXLIII. [[Lauraceae|L<small>AURINEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLIV. [[Proteaceae|P<small>ROTEACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLV. [[Thymelaeaceae|T<small>HYMELÆACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLVI. [[Penaeaceae|P<small>ENÆACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLVII. [[Elaeagnaceae|E<small>LÆAGNACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ''' *::: CXLVIII. [[Loranthaceae|L<small>ORANTHACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXLIX. [[Santalaceae|S<small>ANTALACEÆ</small>]] *::: CL. [[Balanophoraceae|B<small>ALANOPHOREÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series VII. Unisexuales''' *::: CLI. [[Euphorbiaceae|E<small>UPHORBIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLII. [[Balanopaceae|B<small>ALANOPEÆ</small>]] *::: CLIII. [[Urticaceae|U<small>RTICACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLIV. [[Platanaceae|P<small>LATANACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLV. [[Leitneriaceae|L<small>EITNERIEÆ</small>]] *::: CLVI. [[Juglandaceae|J<small>UGLANDEÆ</small>]] *::: CLVII. [[Myricaceae|M<small>YRICACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLVIII. [[Casuarinaceae|C<small>ASUARINEÆ</small>]] *::: CLIX. [[Cupuliferae|C<small>UPULIFERÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series VIII. Ordines anomali''' (''incertae sedis'') *::: CLX. [[Salicaceae|S<small>ALICINEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXI. [[Lacistemataceae|L<small>ACISTEMACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXII. [[Empetraceae|E<small>MPETRACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXIII. [[Ceratophyllaceae|C<small>ERATOPHYLLEÆ</small>]] * '''[[Gymnospermae|GYMNOSPERMEÆ]]''' [sic] *::: CLXIV. [[Gnetaceae|G<small>NETACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXV. [[Coniferae|C<small>ONIFERÆ</small>]] *::: CLXVI. [[Cycadaceae|C<small>YCADACEÆ</small>]] * '''[[Monocotyledones|MONOCOTYLEDONES]]''' *:: '''Series I. Microspermæ''' *::: CLXVII. [[Hydrocharitaceae|H<small>YDROCHARIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXVIII. [[Burmanniaceae|B<small>URMANNIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXIX. [[Orchidaceae|O<small>RCHIDEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series II Epigynæ''' *::: CLXX. [[Scitamineae|S<small>CITAMINEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXI. [[Bromeliaceae|B<small>ROMELIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXII. [[Haemodoraceae| H<small>AEMODORACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXIII. [[Iridaceae|I<small>IRIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXIV. [[Amaryllidaceae|A<small>MARYLLIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXV. [[Taccaceae|T<small>ACCACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXVI. [[Dioscoreaceae|D<small>IOSCOREACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series III Coronarieæ''' *::: CLXXVII. [[Roxburghiaceae|R<small>OXBURGHIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXVIII. [[Liliaceae|L<small>ILIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXIX. [[Pontederiaceae|P<small>ONTEDERIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXX. [[Philydraceae|P<small>HILYDRACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXI. [[Xyridaceae|X<small>YRIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXII. [[Mayacaceae|M<small>AYACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXIII. [[Commelinaceae|C<small>OMMELINACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXIV. [[Rapateaceae|R<small>APATEACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series VI Calycineæ''' *::: CLXXXV. [[Flagellariaceae|F<small>LAGELLARIEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXVI. [[Juncaceae|J<small>UNCACEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXVII. [[Palmae|P<small>ALMÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series V. Nudifloreæ''' *::: CLXXXVIII. [[Pandanaceae|P<small>ANDANEÆ</small>]] *::: CLXXXIX. [[Cyclanthaceae|C<small>YCLANTHACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXC [[Typhaceae|T<small>YPHACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCI. [[Araceae|A<small>ROIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCII. [[Lemnaceae|L<small>EMNACEÆ</small>]] *:: '''Series VI. Apocarpæ''' *::: CXCIII. [[Triuridaceae|T<small>RIURIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCIV. [[Alismataceae|A<small>LISMACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCV. [[Najadaceae|N<small>AIADACEÆ</small>]] [sic] *:: '''Series VII. Glumaceæ</small>''' *::: CXCVI. [[Eriocaulaceae|E<small>RIOCAULEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCVII. [[Centrolepidaceae|C<small>ENTROLEPIDEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCVIII. [[Restionaceae|R<small>ESTIACEÆ</small>]] *::: CXCIX. [[Cyperaceae|C<small>YPERACEÆ</small>]] *::: CC. [[Gramineae|G<small>RAMINEÆ</small>]] == Externí odkazy == * [http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753002733506 ''Genera plantarum''] (''Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita'') à [http://www.botanicus.org botanicus.org] {{Článek z Wikipedie}} [[Kategorie:botanika]]

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